1 exposure - dark car and bright wheels = tough. Seems to me this is the crux of dynamic range that has been chatted about on other threads.

In Raw you might be able to pull down the over exposed wheels with masking/layering a reduction of highlights (it might pinpoint the sun reflection like on the front fender) in our post production software of choice.

2 motion of wheels on vehicles - get some reflective tape and put a patch on a bicycle tire and have a friend ride perpendicular to you at night while you hold a flashlight - you will not see rotation - you see a very fast leap, stop, leap, stop, leap. As the tire comes into contact with the ground it "stops" relative to the ground and to you, then when it leaves the ground it races up, forward and down, to reach the ground again. First time I saw this a busted out laughing at the effect.

You might want to think about it as the top of the wheel is actually circling the contact point of the ground vs. the center of the wheel in order to calculate how fast it is going something like (Wheel diameter+ side wall) in inches x speed of the car in inches per second. the top is moving quite quickly compared to the effectively stationary bottom.

So you get weird effects. bottom rim is perfect, top is blurry! huh! Panning a a slowish shutter speed, you get spots on the wheel that are perfect just above the ground, and the bottom looks blurred backward and the top is blurred forward.

Stopping the wheel completely takes a very fast shutter speed relative to the speed of the car and anything else you ever photographed.

FYI this also is the issue w/ runners, but their feet don't move that fast compared to cars.

Hope this something clearer than pure mud