I think you might get several diffrent answers here.

At narrower apertures F/13 or higher you might see some noticeable degradation. For instance I have found it noticeable when shooting macro with my 180mm L macro lens, where I am really looking for razor sharp images of a small creature or plant. If you are doing other types of photography you might not notice at all.

With wide lenses and landscapes you would use the narrower apeture if you were shooting with ND filters or at night, where you are purposely trying to get longer exposures. With a wide lens like a 24mm you wouldn't be using the narrower apertures for DOF, because at F/8 or F/11 your DOF is getting so deep it goes to infinity.

With Macro you might go narrower because of the razor thin DOF you get, but like I pointed out you start to loose IQ. That is why many macro shooters focus stack.

For me I usually go to the narrower if I am trying to get longer exposures. Maybe others have uses but for me that is about it.