The AF speed of a lens depends on multiple factors:
- The body used: 1D-series bodies process AF information faster than lower-end bodies, and therefore the focus adjustment is more responsive.
- The size and type of the AF motor. USM is faster than non-USM, and the larger the USM diameter, the more power it has.
- The size and weight of the focusing group. Lenses with heavy focusing groups tend to be more slow to focus, since the motor must work harder to move those elements.
- The sensitivity of focus to the movement of the focusing group. Lenses that have a short travel are faster to AF, but are also less precise, because the stepping increment is larger relative to the length of the helical.
- Lighting conditions: some lens/body combinations are faster to focus in low light than other combinations.
Thus, the EF 85/1.2L design is a slow-focusing lens because, although it is the only lens besides the 200/2L, 300/2.8L, and fast supertelephoto primes to employ Canon's largest-diameter 77mm USM, the optical design is such that focusing is achieved by moving all elements excluding the rearmost. Even the EMD is moved. It has one of the most power-demanding requirements of any EF lens.
The EF 100/2.8L macro IS is an example of a lens that can focus quickly or slowly, depending on how it is used. This is because the lens is designed so that most of its focusing helical is devoted to subject distances less than 1 meter, and only a very small portion is reserved for 1m - infinity. So if your subject is close, focusing can be slow; if your subject is distant, focusing can be very fast. This is intentional, of course, because it is a macro lens. The use of the focusing limiter switch is one way to improve AF speed.
The fast supertelephoto primes are fast-focusing because they have a large USM and the focusing group is small and relatively lightweight, without a complex floating design that is found in zoom designs.